The Mortality and Health Monograph provides in-depth analysis of the level, trend and pattern of mortality in Tanzania. Specifically, it analyses and provides information on infant, child, under-five, adult and maternal mortality indicators using data from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC). Where data allows, comparisons are made with estimates from previous censuses, other sources as well as with other countries. The information is presented at national level then disaggregated by the area of Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar, rural and urban. It is also disaggregated by the 30 administrative regions in the country (25 in Tanzania Mainland and 5 in Tanzania Zanzibar). In general the analysis presented in this report shows that there was a decline in mortality as compared to the previous census.